PMC

SEM images of PLLA-coated standard cochlear electrode arrays. (a–c) SEM images of PLLA-coated standard cochlear electrode array before measurement (control). (d–f) SEM images of PLLA-coated standard cochlear electrode array post pressure measurement. The electrode array was inserted 10 times into linear cochlea model at an insertion speed of 2.0 mm/s. (g–i) SEM images of PLLA-coated standard cochlear electrode array post friction measurement. The electrode array was moved 5 times along friction partner at a speed of 1.5 mm/s. (a,d,g) SEM image of PLLA-coated standard cochlear electrode array between two electrode contacts. (b,e,h) SEM image of PLLA-coated standard cochlear electrode array around the fourth electrode contact. (c,f,i) SEM image of the tip of the PLLA-coated standard cochlear electrode array. The electrode contacts are numbered with roman numerals (I, III, and IV).

Gross histological tissues results surrounding implanted CNTY and control Pt–Ir electrodes at week 1 and 12 (×100). a HE staining of tissues around CNTY electrode at 1 week; b NeuNimmunostaining of tissues around CNTY electrode at 1 week; c CD68 immunostaining of tissues around CNTY electrode at 1 week; d GFAP immunostaining of tissues around CNTY electrode at 1 week; e HE staining of tissues around Pt–Ir electrode at 1 week; f NeuNimmunostaining of tissues around Pt–Ir electrode at 1 week; g CD68 immunostaining of tissues around Pt–Ir electrode at 1 week; h GFAP immunostaining of tissues around Pt–Ir electrode at 1 week; i HE staining of tissues around CNTY electrode at 12 weeks; j NeuNimmunostaining of tissues around CNTY electrode at 12 weeks; k CD68 immunostaining of tissues around CNTY electrode at 12 weeks; l GFAP immunostaining of tissues around CNTY electrode at 12 weeks; m HE staining of tissues around Pt–Ir electrode at 12 weeks; n NeuNimmunostaining of tissues around Pt–Ir electrode at 12 weeks; o CD68 immunostaining of tissues around Pt–Ir electrode at 12 weeks; p GFAP immunostaining of tissues around Pt–Ir electrode at 12 weeks

(a). Upper panel: Grand average ERP waveforms were elicited by novelty stimuli over Fz, Cz and Pz electrode in anisometropic amblyopes respectively. Below panel: Topographic amplitude maps for each novelty P300 from AE, FE and BE respectively (AE: black solid line; FE: red solid line; BA: blue solid line). (b). Upper panel: Grand average ERP waveforms was elicited by target stimuli over Fz, Cz and Pz electrode in anisometropic amblyopes respectively. Below panel: Topographic amplitude maps for each P3b from AE, FE and BE respectively. (c). Upper panel: Grand average ERP waveforms were elicited by novelty stimuli over Fz, Cz and Pz electrode in normal controls respectively. Below panel: Topographic amplitude maps for each novelty P300 from ND, DE and BC respectively (ND: black solid line; DE: red solid line; BC: blue solid line). (d). Upper panel: Grand average ERP waveforms were elicited by target stimuli over Fz, Cz and Pz electrode in normal control respectively. Below panel: Topographic amplitude maps for each P3b from ND, DE and BC respectively. (e). Upper panel: Grand average ERP waveforms were elicited by novelty stimuli over Fz, Cz and Pz electrode from AE and ND respectively. Below panel: Topographic amplitude maps for each novelty P300 from AE and ND respectively (AE: black solid line; ND: red solid line). (f). Upper panel: Grand average ERP waveforms was elicited by target stimuli over Fz, Cz and Pz electrode from AE and ND respectively. Below panel: Topographic amplitude maps for each P3b from AE and ND respectively. (g). Upper panel: Grand average ERP waveforms were elicited by novelty stimuli over Fz, Cz and Pz electrode from FE and DE respectively. Below panel: Topographic amplitude maps for each novelty P300 from FE and DE respectively (FE: black solid line; DE: red solid line). (h). Upper panel: Grand average ERP waveforms were elicited by target stimuli over Fz, Cz and Pz electrode from FE and DE respectively. Below panel: Topographic amplitude maps for each P3b from FE and DE respectively. (i). Upper panel: Grand average ERP waveforms were elicited by novelty stimuli over Fz, Cz and Pz electrode from BA and BC respectively. Below panel: Topographic amplitude maps for each novelty P300 from BA and BC respectively (BA: black solid line; BC: red solid line). (j). Upper panel: Grand average ERP waveforms were elicited by target stimuli over Fz, Cz and Pz electrode from BA and BC respectively. Below panel: Topographic amplitude maps for each P3b from BA and BC respectively. N_AA: Number of Anisometropic Amblyopia; N_NC: Number of Normal Control; AE: Amblyopic Eye; FE: Fellow eye; BA: Binoculus in Amblyopia; ND: Non-dominant Eye; DE: Dominant Eye; BC: Binoculus in Control; F: Frontal Electrode; C: Central Electrode; P: Parietal Electrode. The X-axis represents time, where 0 indicates the onset of the target stimulus. The Y-axis represents the wave amplitude in grand average ERP waveforms. The dots represent scalp electrode positions. Contours connect points of equal amplitude on the waves in the topographic distribution.

Cyclic voltammograms of the control electrodes and the CTS-CAT/β-CD-FE composite electrode in different solutions. ■: The bare electrode in 0.1 mol/L PBS (pH = 7.0) at 0.1 mol/L H₂O₂; ●: The control electrode B in 0.1 mol/L PBS (pH = 7.0) at 0.1 mol/L H₂O₂; ▲: CTS-CAT/β-CD-FE composite electrode in 0.1 mol/L PBS (PH = 7.0); ★: CTS-CAT/β-CD-FE composite electrode in 0.1 mol/L PBS (pH = 7.0) at 0.1 mol/L H₂O₂; ◆: The control electrode A in 0.1 mol/L PBS (pH = 7.0) in 0.1 mol/L H₂O₂; ✳：Control electrode A in 0.1 mol/L PBS (pH = 7.0).